Zachary D. Kaufman

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Zachary D. Kaufman
Born
Zachary Daniel Coleman Kaufman

(1979-02-17) February 17, 1979 (age 45)
Houston, Texas, U.S.
EducationYale University (B.A.)

University of Oxford (M.Phil., D.Phil. / Ph.D.)

Yale Law School (J.D.)
SpouseElizabeth Katz (m. 2015)
Children1
Websitewww.zacharykaufman.com (personal)

Zachary Daniel Coleman Kaufman (born February 17, 1979) is a law professor, political scientist, author, and social entrepreneur.[1] He is currently associate professor of Law and Political Science at the University of Houston Law Center, where he teaches Criminal Law, International Law, and International and Transitional Justice.[2] He also holds appointments at the university's Department of Political Science, Hobby School of Public Affairs, and Elizabeth D. Rockwell Center on Ethics and Leadership.[2] Kaufman specializes in criminal law, international law, international and transitional justice, international courts and tribunals, human rights, atrocity crimes (including genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity), atrocity prevention and response, legislation (including Bad Samaritan laws), bystanders and upstanders, U.S. foreign policy and national security, the United Nations, social entrepreneurship, and Africa (particularly Rwanda).[2]

Positions, affiliations, and fellowships[edit]

Current[edit]

  • Since 2021, Kaufman has served on the Yale Law School Executive Committee.[3]
  • Since 2020, Kaufman has served on the Marshall Scholarship Regional Selection Committee for Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana.[4]
  • Since 2020, Kaufman has served as co-chair of the American Society of International Law’s Human Rights Interest Group.[5][6]
  • Since 2020, Kaufman has served as an officer of the Association of American Law Schools' International Human Rights Section.[7][8]
  • Since 2016, Kaufman has been a Fellow of the Truman National Security Project.[9]
  • Since 2014, Kaufman has served on the executive committee of the Board of Directors of the Association of Marshall Scholars.[10]
  • Since 2013, Kaufman has served on the Board of Advisors of Genocide Watch.[11]
  • Since 1999, Kaufman has served as a Senior Fellow and member of the American Planning Board of Humanity in Action.[12][13]

Previous[edit]

Awards[edit]

Kaufman has received recognition for his academic and public service work,[23] including:

Education[edit]

Kaufman is a graduate of Suncrest Middle School, Shady Side Academy, Yale University, the University of Oxford (where he was a Marshall Scholar),[27][28] and Yale Law School.

In 2000, Kaufman received his Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degree in political science from Yale University, where he was the student body president,[29][30][31] co-captain of the Yale Wrestling Team,[29] and an All-American and Runner-up National Champion in the National Collegiate Wrestling Association.[32]

In 2004, Kaufman received his M.Phil. (Master's) degree in International Relations from the University of Oxford, where he served on the executive committee of the Magdalen College Trust, his residential college's grant-making charity.

In 2009, Kaufman received his Juris Doctor (JD) degree from Yale Law School, where he served as Editor-in-Chief of the Yale Law & Policy Review.[33][34]

In 2012, Kaufman received his D.Phil. (PhD) degree in International Relations from the University of Oxford.[35]

Scholarship[edit]

Kaufman is an author and lecturer.

To date, Kaufman has published three books. He is the author of United States Law and Policy on Transitional Justice: Principles, Politics, and Pragmatics.[36] He is the co-editor (with Dr. Phil Clark) and co-author of After Genocide: Transitional Justice, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, and Reconciliation in Rwanda and Beyond.[37] He is also the editor and co-author of Social Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities: Changing Our World.[38]

Kaufman's research has been published by a variety of scholarly journals, including:

  • the Yale Law & Policy Review,[39]
  • the Yale Journal of International Law,[40][41][42]
  • the Yale Human Rights & Development Law Journal,[43]
  • the Harvard International Law Journal,[44]
  • the Harvard Journal on Legislation,[45]
  • the Stanford Law & Policy Review,[46]
  • the Boston College Law Review,[47]
  • the Southern California Law Review,[48]
  • the Emory International Law Review,[49]
  • the Journal of International Criminal Justice,[50] and
  • others.[51]

Kaufman's commentary has been published by a variety of popular outlets, including:

Kaufman has delivered speeches and lectures at a variety of institutions around the world, including at law schools, political science departments, public policy schools, and business schools in the United States (e.g., Harvard University, Yale University, Stanford University, Columbia University, New York University, Georgetown University, George Washington University, Dartmouth College, University of Michigan, Johns Hopkins University, United States Naval Academy, American University) and abroad (e.g., University of Oxford, University of Cambridge, London School of Economics and Political Science, King's College London, University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies).[citation needed]

Founding of the Kigali Public Library[edit]

Kaufman was instrumental in the founding of the Kigali Public Library (also known as Rwanda Library Services),[71][72][73][74] which is Rwanda’s first public library.[75] The library became operational in April 2012, offering 12,000 books.[76] Kaufman is the founder, president, and chairman of the Board of Directors of the American Friends of the Kigali Public Library and an Honorary Member of the Rotary Club of Kigali-Virunga, Rwanda.[77]

Representative publications[edit]

Books[edit]

  • Kaufman, Zachary D. United States Law and Policy on Transitional Justice: Principles, Politics, and Pragmatics. Oxford University Press, 2016.[78]
  • Kaufman, Zachary D., ed. Social Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities: Changing Our World. Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc., 2012.[38]
  • Clark, Phil, and Zachary D. Kaufman, eds. After Genocide: Transitional Justice, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, and Reconciliation in Rwanda and Beyond. Oxford University Press, 2009.[37]

Chapters[edit]

  • "Transitional Justice Delayed Is Not Transitional Justice Denied: Contemporary Confrontation of Japanese Human Experimentation During World War II Through a People’s Tribunal." People’s Tribunals, Human Rights, and the Law 163 (Regina Paulose ed., 2020).[79]
  • "United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda." Encyclopedia of Transitional Justice. Eds. Nadya Nedelsky & Lavinia Stan. (2d ed. forthcoming 2019).[80]
  • With Phil Clark. "Rwanda: Recent History." Africa South of the Sahara 2016. Ed. Iain Frame. London, UK: Routledge, 2015. 969-77
  • With Phil Clark. "Rwanda: Recent History." Africa South of the Sahara 2015. Ed. Iain Frame. London, UK: Routledge, 2014. 971–79.[81]
  • "Transitional Justice as Genocide Prevention: From a Culture of Impunity to a Culture of Accountability." Confronting Genocide in Rwanda: Dehumanization, Denial, and Strategies for Prevention. Eds. Jean-Damascene Gasanabo, David J. Simon & Margee M. Ensign. Kigali, Rwanda: The National Commission for the Fight Against Genocide, 2014. 363–84.[82]
  • With Phil Clark. "Rwanda: Recent History." Africa South of the Sahara 2014. Ed. Iain Frame. London, UK: Routledge, 2013. 980–88.[83]
  • International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda." Encyclopedia of Transitional Justice. Eds. Lavinia Stan and Nadya Nedelsky. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2012. 233–37.[84]
  • "With Phil Clark. "Rwanda: Recent History." Africa South of the Sahara 2013. Ed. Iain Frame. London, UK: Routledge, 2012. 984–92.[85]
  • "Social Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities: Introduction." Social Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities: Changing Our World. Ed. Zachary D. Kaufman. Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc., 2012. 1–19.[86]
  • "Social Entrepreneurship in a Post-Genocide Society: Building Rwanda's First Public Library, the Kigali Public Library." Social Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities: Changing Our World. Ed. Zachary D. Kaufman. Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc., 2012. 58–82.[87]
  • "Social Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities: Lessons Learned and Conclusion." Social Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities: Changing Our World. Ed. Zachary D. Kaufman. Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc., 2012. 189–221.[88]
  • "Appendix: Social Entrepreneurship Resources and Institutions." Social Entrepreneurship in the Age of Atrocities: Changing Our World. Ed. Zachary D. Kaufman. Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc., 2012. 225–45.[89]
  • With Phil Clark. "Rwanda: Recent History." Africa South of the Sahara 2012. Ed. Iain Frame. London, UK: Routledge, 2011. 993–1001.[90]
  • With Phil Clark. "Rwanda: Recent History." Africa South of the Sahara 2011. Ed. Iain Frame. London, UK: Routledge, 2010. 977–85.[91]
  • With Phil Clark. "Rwanda: Recent History." Africa South of the Sahara 2010. Ed. Iain Frame. London, UK: Routledge, 2009. 968–76.[92]
  • With Phil Clark. "Rwanda: Recent History." Africa South of the Sahara 2009. Ed. Iain Frame. London, UK: Routledge, 2008. 924–31.[93]
  • With Phil Clark. "After Genocide." After Genocide: Transitional Justice, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, and Reconciliation in Rwanda and Beyond. Eds. Phil Clark and Zachary D. Kaufman. Oxford University Press, 2016. 1–19.[94]
  • "The United States Role in the Establishment of the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda." After Genocide: Transitional Justice, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, and Reconciliation in Rwanda and Beyond. Eds. Phil Clark and Zachary D. Kaufman. Oxford University Press, 2016. 229–60.[95]
  • With Phil Clark and Kalypso Nicolaidis. "Tensions in Transitional Justice." After Genocide: Transitional Justice, Post-Conflict Reconstruction, and Reconciliation in Rwanda and Beyond. Eds. Phil Clark and Zachary D. Kaufman. Oxford University Press, 2016. 381–91.[96]
  • With Phil Clark. "Rwanda: Recent History." Africa South of the Sahara 2008. Ed. Iain Frame. London, UK: Routledge, 2007. 927–34.[97]
  • "Sudan, the United States, and the International Criminal Court: A Tense Triumvirate in Transitional Justice for Darfur." The Criminal Law of Genocide: International, Comparative, and Contextual Aspects. Eds. Ralph Henham and Paul Behrens. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2007. 49–60.
  • With Phil Clark. "Rwanda: Recent History." Africa South of the Sahara 2007. Ed. Iain Frame. London, UK: Routledge, 2006. 935–42.[98]
  • With Pierre-Richard St. Hilaire. "The Rwandan Experience." Rwanda and South Africa in Dialogue: Addressing the Legacies of Genocide and a Crime Against Humanity. Eds. Charles Villa-Vicencio and Tyrone Savage. Institute of Justice and Reconciliation, 2001. 41–45.[99]

Reviews[edit]

  • Review of The Pinochet Effect: Transnational Justice in the Age of Human Rights, by Naomi Roht-Arriaza. Yale Journal of International Law. Vol. 32, Issue 1 (Winter 2007): 297–300.[100]
  • Review of Designing Criminal Tribunals: Sovereignty and International Concerns in the Protection of Human Rights, by Steven D. Roper and Lilian A. Barria. Yale Human Rights and Development Law Journal. Volume 10 (2006–07): 209–14.[101]

Journal articles[edit]

Academic[edit]

  • "Digital Age Samaritans." Boston College Law Review. Volume 62 (2021). 1117–1192.[102]
  • "Legislating Atrocity Prevention." Harvard Journal on Legislation. Volume 57 (2020). 163–218.[103]
  • "Protectors of Predators or Prey: Bystanders and Upstanders Amid Sexual Crimes." Southern California Law Review. Volume 92 (2019). 1317–1406.[104]
  • "Lessons from Rwanda: Post-Genocide Law and Policy." Stanford Law & Policy Review Online, 2019.[105]
  • "The Prospects, Problems, and Proliferation of Recent UN Investigations of International Law Violations." Journal of International Criminal Justice. Volume 16, Issue 1 (2018). 93–112.[106]
  • "From the Aztecs to the Kalahari Bushmen - Conservative Justices' Citation of Foreign Sources: Consistency, Inconsistency, or Evolution?" Yale Journal of International Law Online. Volume 41 (2015). 1–8.[107]
  • "Transitional Justice for Tojo's Japan: The United States Role in the Establishment of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and Other Transitional Justice Mechanisms for Japan After World War II." Emory International Law Review. Volume 27, Issue 2 (2013). 755–98.[108]
  • "The United States, Syria, and the International Criminal Court: Implications of the Rome Statute’s Aggression Amendment." Harvard International Law Journal Online. Volume 55 (2013). 1–14.[109]
  • "Comment" (on "Managing the Rule of Law in the Americas"). Inter-American Law Review. Volume 42, Issue 3 (Spring 2011). 253–60.[110]
  • "The Nuremberg Tribunal v. The Tokyo Tribunal: Designs, Staffs, and Operations." John Marshall Law Review. Volume 43, Issue 3 (Fall 2010). 753–68.[111]
  • "Transitional Justice Delayed is not Transitional Justice Denied: Contemporary Confrontation of Japanese Human Experimentation During World War II Through a People's Tribunal." Yale Law & Policy Review. Vol. 26, Issue 2 (Spring 2008). 645–59.[112]
  • "No Right to Fight: The Modern Implications of Japan's Pacifist Postwar Constitution." Yale Journal of International Law. Vol. 33, Issue 1 (Winter 2008). 266–73.[113]
  • "Justice in Jeopardy: Accountability for the Darfur Atrocities." Criminal Law Forum. Volume 16, Issue 4 (April 2006): 343–60.[114]
  • "The Future of Transitional Justice." St. Antony’s International Review. Volume 1, Number 1 (March 2005): 58–81.[115]

Practitioner[edit]

  • "Making Social and Environmental Impact Through Legal Careers: The Top 10 Roles for Attorneys in Social Entrepreneurship." Law For Change. August 2013. 1–16.[116]
  • With Theodore W. Kassinger and Heather L. Traeger. "Democratizing Entrepreneurship: An Overview of the Past, Present, and Future of Crowdfunding." Bloomberg BNA Securities Regulation and Law Report. Volume 45, Number 5 (February 2013). 208–17.[117]
  • "Youth and Social Entrepreneurship." Diplomatic Courier. Volume 7, Issue 1 (January / February 2013). 68–69.[118]
  • With K. Lee Blalack and David J. Leviss. "Preparing for Aggressive Congressional Investigations in 2013." Corporate Counsel. 6 June 2012.[119]

Opinion pieces[edit]

  • Prod Bystanders to be 'Upstanders' like Darnella Frazier, Houston Chronicle (May 6, 2021).[120]
  • What Makes People Save Lives? Learning from Upstanders and Bystanders, New York Daily News (Oct. 27, 2020).[121]
  • No Cover for Abusers; California Must Close Gap in its Duty-to-Report Law, San Francisco Chronicle (June 23, 2019), at A15.[122]
  • When Sexual Abuse is Common Knowledge – But Nobody Speaks Up, Boston Globe (Aug. 3, 2018).[123]
  • Jesner v. Arab Bank: U.S. Foreign Policy and National Security Interests, Just Security (Oct. 11, 2017).[124]
  • Give the Nobel Peace Prize Posthumously, Foreign Pol’y. (Oct. 5, 2017).[125]
  • New UN Team Investigating ISIS Atrocities Raises Questions about Justice in Iraq and Beyond, Just Security (Sept. 28, 2017).[126]
  • Islam is (Also) a Religion of Peace, Foreign Pol’y (Aug. 4, 2016).[127]
  • Transitions in Transitional Justice, Oxford University Press Blog (July 17, 2016).[128]
  • Term Limits at Home and Abroad, Harvard University Kennedy School of Government Blog (June 30, 2016).[129]
  • It’ll Take More Than Political Rhetoric to Stop Genocide, Forbes (May 10, 2016).[130]
  • Addressing Japanese Atrocities, Oxford University Press Blog (Apr. 11, 2016).[131]
  • Social Entrepreneurship, Council on Foreign Relations Blog (Nov. 30, 2012).[132]

References[edit]

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  42. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (2006). "Book Review: Naomi Roht-Arriaza, The Pinochet Effect: Transnational Justice in the Age of Human Rights". Rochester, NY. SSRN 1912948.
  43. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (2007). "Book Review: Designing Criminal Tribunals: Sovereignty and International Concerns in the Protection of Human Rights, by Steven D. Roper & Lilian A. Barria". Rochester, NY. SSRN 1923724.
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  91. ^ Clark, Phil; Kaufman, Zachary D. (August 9, 2010). "Rwanda: Recent History (2011)". SSRN 1925812 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  92. ^ Clark, Phil; Kaufman, Zachary D. (August 9, 2009). "Rwanda: Recent History (2010)". SSRN 1925827 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  93. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D.; Clark, Phil (September 12, 2011). "Rwanda: Recent History (2009)". SSRN 1925816 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  94. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D.; Clark, Phil (August 9, 2009). "After Genocide". SSRN 1912684 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  95. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (August 9, 2009). "The United States Role in the Establishment of the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda". SSRN 1916775 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  96. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D.; Clark, Phil; Nicolaidis, Kalypso A. (August 9, 2009). "Tensions in Transitional Justice". SSRN 1916779 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  97. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D.; Clark, Phil (September 12, 2011). "Rwanda: Recent History (2008)". SSRN 1925844 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  98. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D.; Clark, Phil (September 12, 2011). "Rwanda: Recent History (2007)". SSRN 1925846 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  99. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (August 9, 2001). "The Rwandan Experience". SSRN 1925848 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  100. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (August 9, 2006). "Book Review: Naomi Roht-Arriaza, The Pinochet Effect: Transnational Justice in the Age of Human Rights". SSRN 1912948 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  101. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (August 9, 2007). "Book Review: Designing Criminal Tribunals: Sovereignty and International Concerns in the Protection of Human Rights, by Steven D. Roper & Lilian A. Barria". SSRN 1923724 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  102. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (December 1, 2020). "Digital Age Samaritans". SSRN 3741017 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  103. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (August 9, 2020). "Legislating Atrocity Prevention". SSRN 3484442 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  104. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (December 8, 2019). "Protectors of Predators or Prey: Bystanders and Upstanders Amid Sexual Crimes". SSRN 3153253 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  105. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (August 2, 2019). "Lessons from Rwanda: Post-Genocide Law and Policy". SSRN 3431422 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  106. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (August 9, 2018). "The Prospects, Problems, and Proliferation of Recent UN Investigations of International Law Violations". SSRN 3128436 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  107. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (August 9, 2015). "From the Aztecs to the Kalahari Bushmen -- Conservative Justices' Citation of Foreign Sources: Consistency, Inconsistency, or Evolution?". SSRN 2638906 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  108. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (August 9, 2013). "Transitional Justice for Tōjō's Japan: The United States Role in the Establishment of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and Other Transitional Justice Mechanisms for Japan after World War II". SSRN 2408714 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  109. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (December 4, 2013). "The United States, Syria, and the International Criminal Court: Implications of the Rome Statute's Aggression Amendment". SSRN 2367262 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  110. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (August 9, 2011). "Comment (on Managing the Rule of Law in the Americas)". SSRN 1956832 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  111. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (August 9, 2010). "The Nuremberg Tribunal v. The Tokyo Tribunal: Designs, Staffs, and Operations". SSRN 1917036 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  112. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (9 September 2011). "Transitional Justice Delayed Is Not Transitional Justice Denied: Contemporary Confrontation of Japanese Human Experimentation During World War II Through a People's Tribunal by Zachary D. Kaufman" – via papers.ssrn.com.
  113. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (August 9, 2008). "No Right to Fight: The Modern Implications of Japan's Pacifist Postwar Constitution". SSRN 1913100 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  114. ^ "Justice in Jeopardy: Accountability for the Darfur Atrocities by Zachary D. Kaufman" – via papers.ssrn.com.
  115. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (August 9, 2005). "The Future of Transitional Justice". SSRN 1913127 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  116. ^ "Making Social and Environmental Impact Through Legal Careers: The Top 10 Roles for Attorneys in Social Entrepreneurship by Zachary D. Kaufman" – via papers.ssrn.com.
  117. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D.; Kassinger, Theodore; Traeger, Heather (4 February 2013). "With Theodore W. Kassinger and Heather L. Traeger. "Democratizing Entrepreneurship: An Overview of the Past, Present, and Future of Crowdfunding." Bloomberg BNA Securities Regulation and Law Report. Volume 45, Number 5 (February 2013). 208–17".
  118. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (2013). ""Youth and Social Entrepreneurship." Diplomatic Courier. Volume 7, Issue 1 (January / February 2013). 68–69".
  119. ^ "Preparing for Aggressive Congressional Investigations in 2013 by Zachary D. Kaufman, K. Blalack, David Leviss" – via papers.ssrn.com.
  120. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (August 9, 2021). "Prod Bystanders to be 'Upstanders' like Darnella Frazier". SSRN 3840925 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  121. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (October 27, 2020). "What Makes People Save Lives? Learning from Upstanders and Bystanders". SSRN 3720137 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  122. ^ "No Cover for Abusers; California Must Close Gap in its Duty-to-Report Law by Zachary D. Kaufman" – via papers.ssrn.com.
  123. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (August 3, 2018). "When Sexual Abuse Is Common Knowledge - But Nobody Speaks Up". SSRN 3225992 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  124. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (October 11, 2017). "Jesner v. Arab Bank: U.S. Foreign Policy and National Security Interests". SSRN 3051250 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  125. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (5 October 2017). "Give the Nobel Peace Prize Posthumously by Zachary D. Kaufman" – via papers.ssrn.com.
  126. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (September 28, 2017). "New UN Team Investigating ISIS Atrocities Raises Questions About Justice in Iraq and Beyond". SSRN 3044527 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  127. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (August 4, 2016). "Islam is (Also) a Religion of Peace". SSRN 2818787 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  128. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (July 17, 2016). "Transitions in Transitional Justice". SSRN 2819272 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  129. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (June 30, 2016). "Term Limits at Home and Abroad". SSRN 2819269 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  130. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (May 10, 2016). "It'll Take More than Political Rhetoric to Stop Genocide". SSRN 2819228 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  131. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (April 11, 2016). "Addressing Japanese Atrocities". SSRN 2819223 – via papers.ssrn.com.
  132. ^ Kaufman, Zachary D. (November 30, 2012). "Emerging Voices: Zachary D. Kaufman on Social Entrepreneurship". SSRN 2183238 – via papers.ssrn.com.